Advanced Age

As people age, fertility naturally declines, particularly for women. While there’s no universal age at which fertility becomes a concern, women over 35 may face increasing difficulty conceiving due to declining egg quality and quantity. For men, although age-related fertility decline is more gradual, advanced paternal age can also impact fertility and increase the risk of certain genetic conditions in offspring. Consulting a fertility specialist can help assess individual fertility potential and explore appropriate options.

Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Irregular menstrual cycles or absent periods can indicate underlying hormonal imbalances or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that may affect fertility. Tracking menstrual cycles and seeking medical evaluation for irregularities can help identify potential issues early on. A fertility specialist can conduct thorough assessments to diagnose and address underlying causes, offering tailored treatment plans to optimise fertility.

Previous or Current Health Conditions

Certain health conditions can impact fertility for both men and women. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, and obesity can affect reproductive health and fertility. Additionally, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis in women, or previous surgeries in either partner, may warrant consultation with a fertility specialist to evaluate potential implications and explore treatment options.

Recurrent Miscarriages

Experiencing recurrent miscarriages, typically defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses, can be emotionally devastating and may signal underlying fertility issues. Causes of recurrent miscarriages can vary, including genetic factors, uterine abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, or autoimmune disorders. Consulting a fertility specialist can facilitate comprehensive evaluations to identify contributing factors and develop personalised management strategies.

History of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and subsequent damage to the reproductive organs, potentially impacting fertility. If you have a history of STIs or suspect exposure, seeking timely testing and treatment is crucial. Consulting a fertility specialist can help assess any potential reproductive consequences and explore appropriate interventions.

Difficulty Obtaining and/or Maintaining an Erection

For men, difficulties with obtaining or maintaining an erection, known as erectile dysfunction, may indicate underlying health concerns such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hormonal imbalances, which can impact fertility. Addressing erectile dysfunction through medical evaluation and treatment can improve overall reproductive health. Consulting a fertility specialist can provide further insights into potential fertility-related implications and treatment options.

If you are under 35 and you've been trying to get pregnant for more than 12 months, or over 35 and trying for 6 months, then it is time to speak to a fertility specialist.

What You Can Do to Boost Fertility

• Diet and Exercise: A nutritious diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and promoting hormonal balance, both of which are essential for fertility. It can also help support sperm health. Focus on consuming plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while minimising processed foods and sugary snacks.
• Keep Testicles Cool: Elevated temperatures in the scrotum can impair sperm production. To maintain optimal testicular temperature, avoid prolonged exposure to heat, such as hot baths, saunas, and tight underwear. Opt for loose-fitting clothing and avoid placing laptops directly on the lap.
• Smoking and Alcohol Cessation: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can impair fertility by disrupting hormone levels and affecting egg quality, and can negatively impact sperm quality. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake can significantly improve fertility outcomes.
• Vitamin Supplements: Certain vitamins and minerals, such as zinc, vitamin C, vitamin D, and coenzyme Q10, are important for sperm production and overall reproductive health. Taking supplements or consuming foods rich in these nutrients may support male fertility.
• Stress Reduction: Chronic stress can interfere with sperm production and ovulation and menstrual cycles, making it harder to conceive. Practice stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or spending time in nature to promote relaxation and improve fertility.
• Reduce Caffeine Intake: High caffeine intake has been linked to decreased sperm quality fertility. Limiting caffeine consumption from sources like coffee, tea, and energy drinks can improve fertility by supporting hormone balance and reproductive health.
• Folic Acid Supplementation: Folic acid is important for foetal development and can help prevent neural tube defects in the baby. Women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant should take a folic acid supplement (usually 400 to 800 micrograms) to support reproductive health.
• Avoid Recreational Drugs: Recreational drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and opioids can negatively impact sperm production and fertility, and increase the risk of pregnancy complications. Avoiding these substances is important for optimising reproductive health.
• Ejaculation Frequency: Despite common misconceptions, regular ejaculation can actually help maintain sperm quality by preventing the accumulation of older, less motile sperm. It’s recommended to ejaculate every two days.
• Avoid Lubricants: Some commercial lubricants can interfere with sperm motility and hinder conception. When trying to conceive, use fertility-friendly lubricants or alternatives such as mineral oil or products specifically designed for use during conception.
• Avoid Toxins: Minimise exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals that may disrupt hormonal balance, impair fertility, and harm sperm production and quality. Limit exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and other harmful substances in the environment.

Remember, seeking help doesn’t mean you’re giving up hope. Instead, it’s a proactive step towards realising your dream of parenthood with the guidance and support of experienced professionals. Whether your journey to parenthood involves natural conception or assisted reproductive technologies, know that you’re not alone, and help is available every step of the way.

Dr Lanziz Homar is fully qualified in obstetrics, gynaecology, and fertility management. If you’re experiencing issues with fertility, schedule a consultation with Dr Homar for compassionate care.