Pregnancy is a time of immense change, and while many changes are expected, others may bring some challenges. One such challenge is gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy. Though it may sound alarming, with the right care and management, women with gestational diabetes can have healthy pregnancies and deliveries. At Toowoomba Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr Lanziz Homar and the team are committed to supporting you through every step of your pregnancy, including managing gestational diabetes.

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, typically around the 24^th to 28^th week. Unlike type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which are long-term conditions, gestational diabetes occurs specifically during pregnancy and resolves after childbirth. It is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands of pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. When the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, blood sugar levels rise, leading to gestational diabetes.

While this condition can sound daunting, it’s important to know that with proper care and monitoring, most women with gestational diabetes can enjoy a healthy pregnancy.

Causes and Risk Factors

Gestational diabetes is primarily the result of hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. These changes can make the body less sensitive to insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance. As a result, glucose levels can rise. Though the exact cause is not fully understood, several factors may increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes.

• Age: Women over the age of 25 are at a higher risk.
• Family History of Diabetes: If you have a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes, you may be more likely to develop gestational diabetes.
• Being Overweight: Women who are overweight or obese before pregnancy are at a higher risk.
• Previous Gestational Diabetes: If you had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy, you’re more likely to develop it again.
• Ethnicity: Women of certain ethnicities, including those of Asian and Hispanic descent, are at higher risk.

If you have any of these risk factors, it’s essential to work closely with Dr Lanziz Homar to monitor your health throughout your pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes Symptoms and Diagnosis

Gestational diabetes is often called a “silent” condition because it may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some women may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, or blurred vision. If you experience any of these, it’s important to consult with your doctor.

The diagnosis of gestational diabetes is typically made through a routine screening test, which is usually done between the 24^th and 28^th week of pregnancy. The most common test is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where you will be asked to drink a sugary solution, and your blood sugar levels will be tested at intervals afterwards. If the results show elevated blood sugar levels, gestational diabetes is diagnosed.

Impact on Mother and Baby

When gestational diabetes is left unmanaged, it can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can lead to a condition known as macrosomia, where the baby grows larger than usual, increasing the risk of a difficult delivery and the need for a caesarean section. Additionally, gestational diabetes can increase the risk of preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy) and premature birth.

For the baby, gestational diabetes may also lead to low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) after birth, respiratory problems, or an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. However, with proper management, these risks can be significantly reduced.

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Prenatal care for gestational diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, maintaining a balanced diet, staying active, and in some cases, using medication.

• Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels: Regular blood sugar testing is essential to ensure your levels stay within the target range. Dr Homar will guide you on when and how to check your blood sugar throughout the day.
• Dietary Changes: A healthy diet is key to managing gestational diabetes. This typically involves eating smaller, more frequent meals, focusing on a balanced diet rich in vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats. Dr Homar will refer you to a dietitian if needed to help develop a plan tailored to your needs.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and can help control blood sugar levels. Activities such as walking or swimming are usually safe during pregnancy. Always consult with your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
• Medication: If lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough to control your blood sugar levels, medication such as insulin may be prescribed. Dr Homar will work with you to find the best treatment plan for your needs.

Preventive Steps and Postpartum Care

While gestational diabetes typically resolves after childbirth, it’s essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. Following a balanced diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight are key preventive steps.

Postpartum care is also important. You’ll be monitored for a few months after birth to ensure your blood sugar levels return to normal. Women who have had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes may sound intimidating, but with the right care and support, it’s manageable. Dr Lanziz Homar and the TOAG team are here to provide you with personalised care and guidance throughout your pregnancy. If you suspect you may have gestational diabetes, or if you have any concerns about your pregnancy, don’t hesitate to contact Dr Homar. The team at TOAG are here to support you through every stage of your pregnancy journey.